What is Power Steering in Car?

Ever tried turning the steering wheel of an old car when it’s stationary? It feels like an exercise in strength training. That is because, in older cars, the steering wheel is directly connected to the wheels via rods and gears, so all the turning effort comes directly from your arms. Now, picture getting into a modern vehicle and giving the steering wheel a bit of a shove-even with one finger, and the wheels move. What’s different, you ask? That’s the beauty of power steering.

Power steering in cars is a system that eases the process of steering so that drivers use less effort when turning the wheels. It’s become so common that most people hardly notice it until they drive a car that doesn’t have it. If you’re a new driver learning to park for the first time or someone who’s been driving for years, power steering makes the whole experience smoother, safer, and a lot less tiring.

Why Does Steering Matter So Much?

Consider everything a driver does with the steering wheel. Trying to change lanes in heavy traffic? Or maybe you’re squeezing into a tight parking spot at the mall? Every action begins with the steering wheel. In older models, these easy things might be difficult, particularly at slow speeds or when the vehicle isn’t moving. That’s why power steering is such a big deal. It makes driving feel almost effortless, even in tricky situations.

What Exactly is Power Steering?

Power steering is an innovative system that makes use of technology to take the effort out of steering the car. Rather than depending solely on your arm strength, power steering assists you, making the steering wheel light and easy to turn. The steering stays smooth whether the car is stopped or moving slowly.

Manual steering is the outdated mechanical system, where the driver does everything heavy. Power steering more than halves the effort. That’s why, in most cars nowadays, even kids or the elderly can steer the car without breaking a sweat.

How Does Power Steering Work?

So, what’s going on under the hood when you make a turn? Here are the key components that power steering uses to make it less tiring for the drivers:

• Steering Wheel: The part of the car that the driver holds and turns to guide the vehicle.
• Pump or Electric Motor: Provides extra power to help turn the wheels more easily.
• Fluid (in hydraulic systems): A Special fluid that moves through pipes to provide smooth steering.
• Belt: Connects the pump to the engine in certain systems.
• Hoses and Pipes: Transport the fluid to where it is needed.
• Sensors and Computers (in electric systems): Measure how much assistance is required and change the force.

When the driver tries to turn the steering wheel of a car, the system senses the required assistance. The motor or pump comes into action and provides just the right amount of power. Fluid is pumped through hoses to assist in moving the steering components in hydraulic systems. No matter the type of system, the result is smooth, easy steering.

Types of Power Steering Systems

Not all power steering systems are the same. Here are the three main types you’ll find in cars these days:

1. Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)

This is the older, traditional type of power steering. This system has a pump, fluid, and hoses that help make steering easier. Through a belt, the engine powers the pump. The fluid is transported by the pump when the driver turns the wheel, making it easier to turn the wheel.

• Strengths: Less expensive to install, provides a firm “road feel,” and is dependable in heavy trucks.
• Weaknesses: It may cause leakage of fluid, require more maintenance, and consume more fuel since the pump continuously operates.

2. Electric Power Steering (EPS)

Most new vehicles employ electric power steering. Rather than fluid, it relies on an electric motor controlled by a computer. The motor assists in turning the wheels, and the Computer can regulate the amount of assistance provided depending on the car’s speed.

• Strengths: Extremely light and effortless, conserves fuel, requires less maintenance, and is adjustable to suit various driving styles.
• Weaknesses: It is costly to produce, and specific drivers complain that it is “too light” or less responsive to the road. 

3. Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS)

This system incorporates both hydraulic and electric components. It employs an electric pump to transfer hydraulic fluid rather than an engine-driven pump. It is used by some luxury vehicles and European cars.

• Strengths: Balanced feeling, performs well in most conditions, and may provide the best of both worlds.
• Weaknesses: More complex, repair cost is high, and sometimes more difficult to find parts.

Quick Look: Power Steering Types

Here is a quick look at the common power steering types and their features:

Feature	Hydraulic (HPS)	Electric (EPS)	Electro-Hydraulic (EHPS)
Power Source	Fluid & pump	Electric motor	Electric & fluid
Fuel Efficiency Impact	Uses more fuel	Saves fuel	Medium
Maintenance	Needs more care	Low maintenance	Medium
Steering Feel	Heavier, strong	Light, adjustable	Balanced
Cost	Cheaper	More expensive	Mid-range
Common In	Older cars, trucks	Most new cars	Some luxury cars

Why is Power Steering So Helpful?

Attempt to park a car in a small space without power steering. It isn’t easy! Power steering allows you to turn the wheel easily, even using just one hand. That makes parking, sharp turns, and quick actions much easier.

Driving for longer hours tends to tire your arms if the vehicle’s steering is heavy. Power steering prevents this, so driving is comfortable, even for hours at a stretch. This is a significant relief to individuals who drive daily, such as those into logistics, taxi drivers, or regular commuters.

Power steering makes the wheel light and easy to turn at low speeds, such as in traffic or when parking. That is less stressful and more controlled. Even on congested city streets with much traffic, drivers can steer smoothly without fatigue. When something unexpectedly comes your way, maybe a ball rolls onto the road or a scooter suddenly cuts in front, power steering assists you in steering out of the way in a hurry. That can save you and others from harm or damage.

Common Problems with Power Steering

As with any system, power steering can develop faults too. Some typical problems and what to watch for are as follows:

• Fluid leaks: Fluid may leak when a car has hydraulic power steering. Check for leaks under the vehicle or low fluid levels in the reservoir.

• Strange noises: A whine or squeal when turning may indicate low fluid or pump problems.

• Hard or jerky steering: If the wheel feels stiff or jerky, the pump, fluid, or motor might have problems.

• The wheel doesn’t return to the centre: It should straighten itself after a turn. If it doesn’t, there could be a problem with the system.

Warning lights: Some cars show a steering warning light on the dashboard if something is wrong.

These are the warning signs. Ignoring these problems can lead to bigger issues and may even make the car unsafe to drive. It is always better to have them checked early on.

How to Take Care of Power Steering?

Want your power steering to continue working flawlessly for many years? Here are some easy tips:

• Check the fluid often: If your vehicle has hydraulic power steering, check the fluid level every few months. Top it off if it’s low, and change the fluid according to your car’s manual.

• Check belts and hoses: Inspect belts and hoses for any cracks, leaks, or deterioration. If you notice anything amiss, have it repaired before it becomes a big issue.

• Get it serviced regularly: Have your mechanic inspect the power steering system during routine maintenance. They can identify smaller issues before they become major problems.

• Don’t be in denial: Hear weird noises? Stiff steering? Leaks? Don’t hesitate. Take your car in to get it checked out as soon as possible.

Conclusion: What Drivers Notice About Power Steering

Anyone who has driven an old and a new car will immediately feel the difference. Power steering makes moving easy. Even those who are not very strong can drive large vehicles easily.

Some prefer steering that’s exceptionally light for city travel and parking. Others prefer a little more resistance, particularly when driving at high speeds. There is no right or wrong, it’s a matter of what feels most comfortable.

Power steering may be a minor component of a car, but its impact is enormous. It makes driving easy, improves parking, and makes it safer. If it is functioning as it should, driving becomes smooth and enjoyable regardless of the road’s direction. Take good care of your power steering, and each drive will be a walk in the park.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)